Dreams Rem :: essays research papers

Dreams are a form of cognitive activity that occur during sleep. Like shining memories and day measure fantasies, dreams involve optic images in the absence of external visual stimulation. Some dreams are so realistic and well organized that we observe as though they must be real-- that we simply cannot be daydream this time.Dreaming has always been the subject of controversy. Egyptian papyrus documents dating plump for to 2000 BC discuss dreams and their interpretations. In ancient Greece the dreamer was believed to be in contact with the gods. In 1900, Sigmund Freud ushered in the modern age of dream query in his monumentally original book The Interpretation of dreams. According to Freud, dreams have a meaning which can be deciphered if one looks deeply enough. In his view, the dreams concerns the dreamers past and present, and it arises from unknown regions within. He saw the dream as significantly analogous to a hysterical symptom. On the surface, they both appear nonmea ningful and bizarre, but they become understandable when understood asveiled expressions of an unconscious mind clash between competing motives.Freud developed an elaborate theory and how the mind whole kit and boodle while asleep. In 1953 sleep researchers led by Nathaniel Kleitman made the central discovery of rapid eye movement--or rapid eye movement sleep-- sleep. Curious about the long-standing observation that the eyeballs of dormancy subjects in both humans and animals periodically move during sleep, they connected laboratory subjects to equipment that measured their brain waves, muscle tone, and eye movement. About 90% of the time when subjects were wake during REM sleep, they reported a dream. Prior to laboratory REM research, it was unknown how frequently Humans dreamed. Some theories even held that dreaming was a signal of mental disturbance. With laboratory REM research, however, subjects can be awakened by and by each REM period in order for researchers to extensi vely sample most mental activity that occurs during sleep. It was discovered that humans, and all mammals--except the ant bear or spiny anteater, and perhaps the duckbill platypus-- dream every night. In adult humans these dreams begin about 90 minutes after the sleep begins and recur about 90 minutes apart with change magnitude length, for a total of nearly 2 hours of REM dreaming per night. With rough five dreams a night, humans will have about 136,000 dreams in a lifetime, spending the equivalent of six years in a REM dream state. For a newborn, REM sleep constitutes 50% of sleep.