Ethics Analysis and Critical Thinking Unnamed Aerial Vehicles

Question: Describe about the Ethics Analysis and Critical Thinking for Unnamed Aerial Vehicles. Answer: Drones or Unnamed Aerial vehicles (UAVs) are the remotely controlled military aircraft that are used for two major purposes, one is for attacks and the other is fro surveillance. They are generally controlled by the operators who are sitting at thousands of miles away from the site of attack or surveillance. However, in the recent times, several controversies have emerged in the use of drones and much of it is ethical in context to the use of the drones for targeted killings of individuals and invasion of privacy. The drones are also used extensively for scientific research, for geophysics surveys and terrain mapping, track the endangered species and monitoring the changes in the behaviour and habitats in wildlife. It is also used for extending help in the disaster situations especially during firebreaks because it facilitates in rescuing individuals without the use of humans since the drones can easily fly over impassable roads and can detail the situation. In addition to the above benefits, there is also a major concern that is associated with the use of drones. For example, the drones are characterized with the potentiality of performing the tasks that were previously performed by the humans. So, the use of drones is not looked upon in a favourable manner since its possibility to take the jobs of the people. The recent study conducted by PWC also puts forward the fact that the commercial application of drones would replace nearly $127 billion worth of services and labour in the future time (PwC, 2016). There is another major concern that is related to the use of drones and it is the increasing public policy issue in context to the use of drones and its impact on the right to privacy (McKelvey et al., 2015). The drones have the ability to loiter over a specific region for long hours and thus it is looked upon as the best option of persistent surveillance. So it tends to increase the scope of visual surveillance and also enhances the degree of invasiveness in context to the actions like recording, observation, transmission and tracking the behaviour of indivuals (Clarke, 2014). So, when the drone is operated to fly over a specific region, it facilitates in collecting vast amount of data and can also facilitate with sensitive information regarding private property and private behaviour of the individuals. So, in this context it can be said that there exists a need for a regulatory regime for protecting the privacy keeping in mind the fact that the regulatory regime should not constrai n the drone application until and unless it is justified (Butler, 2014). Is Artificial Intelligence a Threat to Humanity? After the report published by the World Economic Forum, it is perceived by various individuals that artificial intelligence possess threat to the human beings since it possess the ability to take over the tasks and actions performed by the human beings (Guitton, 2014). Moreover, it has also been advocated that artificial intelligence can poses a real threat to humanity. However, till recent time, it has become clear that there are various questions that still need to be answered and the questions are like: Is it really possible to develop such conscious machines that possess the ability to think and feel? What is actual meaning of conscious? What does intelligence actually mean? What would be the impact of the combination of internet of things and intelligence? So, in an attempt of defining intelligence, it can be said that intelligence can be defined as the ding the right thing at the right time in flexible manner since it facilitates in surviving in proactive manner and enhancing the productivity in each and every aspect of life. Moreover intelligence can also be categorized into rational intelligence used for performing tasks like solving complex problems, playing chess and making decisions about the future, social intelligence used for performing social and courteous behaviour and finally emotional intelligence used for emotional reactions towards other individuals. So, in this context it can be said that human brains are smartly wired in order to perform certain tasks and most of the actions of human beings are automatic and reflexive. There are various actins for which we do not need to be conscious and it is the human brain that is always involved in the process of analyzing, assimilating and implementing the instructions. So, it is difficult rather impossible to develop and program robots who can perform the actions that are typically and easy endeavour for the human brain (Martnez-Miranda and Aldea, 2005). Moreover, even though the development of artificial intelligence can to some extent make the life of human beings easy, but the major concern is that it should be efficiently used and used in manner for productive purposes and not for destructive purposes. Again, the robots lacking much intelligence can be a deadly deal. This has been evident from the report published by The Financial Times. A technician was working with a co-worker to install an industrial robot and in the process he was attacked by the robot (Financial Times, 2015). The technician was within the safety cage and this is done in such processes with the intention to keep people at a distance. Thus the cause of the incident cannot be related to the wish of the machine to harm the technician, but it did happen. So, in this context, it can be said that human error can be considered to be a better bet. References Financial Times. (2015).Worker at Volkswagen plant killed in robot accident. [online] Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/0c8034a6-200f-11e5-aa5a-398b2169cf79 [Accessed 5 Oct. 2016]. Guitton, M. (2014). Artificial vs. enhanced intelligence: Computer or human behavior?.Computers in Human Behavior, 31, pp.332-333. InformationWeek. (2015).The Threat Of Artificial Intelligence. [online] Available at: https://www.informationweek.com/mobile/mobile-devices/the-threat-of-artificial-intelligence/a/d-id/1321188 [Accessed 5 Oct. 2016]. Martnez-Miranda, J. and Aldea, A. (2005). Emotions in human and artificial intelligence.Computers in Human Behavior, 21(2), pp.323-341. Butler, D. (2014).The dawn of the age of the drones: An Australian privacy law perspective.TheUniversity of New South Wales Law Journal, Vol. 37, No. 2, 2014: 434-470. Clarke, R. (2014).The regulation of civilian drones impacts on behavioural privacy.Computer Law Security Review,30(3), 286-305. McKelvey, N., Diver, C., Curran, K. (2015).Drones and Privacy.International Journal Of Handheld Computing Research,6(1), 44-57. PwC (2016).Clarity from above PwC global report on the commercial applications of drone technology.PwC.Retrieved from https://preview.thenewsmarket.com/Previews/PWC/DocumentAssets/433056.pdf