Genetically modified Essay

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Overall, I was pretty con venient with this course. Although I did not achieve the mark I desired, I button up learned valuable lessons throughout the course of this subject.One specific fictional character that I liked nigh this course was the use of Turnitin. It was a truly overhaulful bastard which made handing in assignment very subdued and convenient. An different aspect of the course that I really admired was the availability of the Catalyst. Due to its easy access, I was able to learn key skills to help strengthen my assignments. Last but not least, the use of peer freshen was very beneficial as well. It was a very unique tool to help students improve their essay.One thing that I do urge on for the future is to provide the students with a grading criteria. Often times, I was obscure as to what I need to incorporate to ensure I bear the proper marks. Nevertheless, this is a very educational course and I exceedingly recommend it to future students. I wish to thank you for reviewing my assi gnment. If you have any question please contact me at ahmed12quwindsor. ca and (519)-251-1776 to reach you at. Sincerely, danish pastry Ahmed Student Number 103323080 Business Administration DA ENCLOSURES Assignment 6 COPY FILE catchingally Modified Foods The deliver and use of genetically modified (GM) garnishs and GM-derived ingredients has caused debates in umteen parts of the world. Moreover, many experts, despite having remote views, sh ar a good deal of common ground on certain features of the GM debate in particular, the GM foods unk right awayn immense term effects. In opposite words, experts agree that many issues, like say-so health, ecological, and stinting hazards, repairing GM foods merit attention due to the current, uncertain results of GM food technology.GM crops come under the broad category of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and defined as organisms whose genetic study has been altered by DNA Recombinant Technology (a technique that allows the artif icial combination of genetic sensible of different individuals) (Whitman 1). Although this scientific technique is fairly recent, it has, nevertheless, revolutionized the agricultural industry. Scientist be now able to produce new species of rice, maize, soy bean, corn and many other staple crops with resistance to drought, herbicides and many pests (Campbell and Reece 406).As such, it holds the potency to increase crop yield as fewer crops are destroyed due to environmental conditions. However, it was not until 1998 when GM crops initial d sensitivebacks were realized. Genetically modified foods, including both raw crops and processed ingredients, impose serious health risks, both to manhood and other organisms. Moreover, there is evidence that genetic allowances fire trigger uncontrollable genetic interactions amongst the host genes, endangering many agricultural species. In August 1998 the head start bitterness was sparked, especially in Europe, by a report from a ahead (p) nutrition researcher, Dr.Arpad Pusztai, concerning the safety of GM foods. Pusztai claimed that GM food fed rats showed boney growth and weak immune systems. His report, however, was greatly criticized and rejected by many scientists because of lack of substantial evidence (Pusztai 1). Nevertheless, the report opened up an theater of contemplation. In may 2005, a report published by Monsanto, a leading biotech firm, confirmed differences in kidney sizes and blood composition of rats fed with GM corn (Lendman 1).Although these documented reports are limited to laboratory settings, the results do organize to a possibility of health hazards in the long run. It is evident that GM foods require more(prenominal) research before they are safe for habit because if the symptoms do arise, it will affect a wide range of consumers and the injury will be impossible to overcome.Apart from direct health hazards, there are concerns over the emergence of insecticide repellent weeds and pests because of GM foods (Weaver 160). Since certain species of GM crops are wicked to insecticides, they allow farmers to spray more chemical substances in order to avoid weeds and pests from destroying their harvests.However, since all living organisms are biological entities subject to the natural processes of evolution and ecology, any insecticide knowing to kill an organism adds selective pressure for resistance on that localise organism. According to S. A Weaver and M. C. Morris of the Journal of Agriculture and Environmental ethics, this suppositious concern has been repeatedly demonstrated with the emergence of antibiotic resistance bacterium in human medicine and in the evolution of resistance to chemical pesticides in agriculture (Weaver 161).There are over 500 species of insects cognise to be resistant to insecticides, and the numbers will steadily grow if not controlled (Bergman 1). Insecticide resistance poses severe effects to agriculture and health. If pests b ecome resistant to courtly insecticides, more quantities of more powerful chemicals may have to be used. This increased use of insecticides will, in turn, increase chemical exposure on other forms of life in the surrounding area, including humans, and will have contrary effects on soil and water due to run offs (National query Council 2).These effects are amplified in regions where GM crops are planted as GM crops, unlike established crops, do not absorb or breakdown any of these chemicals. As such, more chemicals are left over in active form. Nevertheless, the lives of humans and other organisms are endangered. Another potential health concern in using GM foods is the possibility of supersensitized reactions in humans due to the insertion of exotic genes into plants. This hazard came into get wind in 1993 when Pioneer Hi-Bred International, another biotech firm, developed a soybean pattern with an added gene from a Brazil nut.A study later do by the University of Nebraska re vealed that the added gene could cause allergic reactions in humans (Leary 1). The second category of risks is that to the environment, especially by insecticide-resistant GM crops. Insecticide-resistant crops make up the largest segment of GM crops. According to statistics, nearly 81% of all GM crops harvested worldwide contained a gene for insecticide resistance (Sustainable Agricultural engagement 3).Since all agricultural systems exist within an overall ecosystem, there is concern among scientists that numerous complex interrelationships amongst natural organisms can become disrupted by the introduction of GM crops. This concern became particularly important in a study done in the United Kingdom in May 2005 which proved that biodiversity was lower in fields with insecticide-resistant crops when compared to the conventional varieties (Weaver 169). The reason for the floor results was attributed to the physical differences between insecticide resistant plants and conventional cr ops.Insecticide resistant plants have immunity to chemicals and pests because they produce a form of toxic protein called Bt protein (Weaver 160). During conventional insecticide spraying, only the above ground part of the plant is open to chemicals. However, in the case of insecticide resistant GM crops, toxin is present throughout the plant, even in the roots. When the GM crops are harvested, the remains of the roots release these Bt toxins. Thus, the concentration of toxins in the soil is increased, endangering even the beneficial organisms of the area.The effect of toxins explicit through GM crops is, therefore, of real concern. However, the biggest environmental concern associated with genetic adaption is the inability to prevent exotic genetic material from transferralring into the wild population. many experts are concerned that the genes inserted into GM crops to increase their yield might transfer into weeds by complex genetic movement pathways (Pandey 1). This would c ause the short-circuit of super weeds. Such weeds will become immune to the chemicals normally used to control them, resulting in the use of stronger chemical controls (Randerson 1).The surrounding population of organisms, including humans, will inevitably be affected with increased toxicity in the environment. There is also a concern that insect resistance genes in GM plants may escape into the wild, leading to the more rapid ontogeny of resistance in insect populations, or to insect resistance in wild plants. Nevertheless, the delicate relationship that exists in the ecosystem will be disrupted, as the normal insect-plant relationship will be altered.Although these are one of the first instances of genetic transfer, scientists are now beginning to question GM foods implications on the environment. The triplet category of risks is that relating to economics. Despite increased yields, GM crops remain an economical concern, especially to the third world. This concern is highlight ed by the development of a extremely controversial genetically modified food technology the ex exterminator seed. The terminator seeds are genetically modified to produce plants that bear infertile seeds, which the biotech companies smelling will reduce gene transfer into the wild (McDonagh 1).However, analysts feel these seeds could devastate small farmers everywhere and give multinational biotech companies an even stronger grip on world food production since terminator technology will office farmers to buy new seeds every season instead of reusing seeds from their crops (Mooney 1). Even if terminator technology is outlawed, GM crops will still not allow third world nations to compete with the developed countries in the area of agriculture. Since all of the major genetically modified seeds are patented by multinational biotech companies, the prices of these seeds are controlled by such corporations (Nestle 1).Struggling economies, whose major financial resources depend on agr icultural exports, are unable to purchase these seeds. Moreover, conventional crops are no match to the increased harvests of GM crops. As such, most of the market theatrical role is owned by developed nations who harbour major biotech companies. Hence, the global thrift is affected due to the sanctioning of GM foods. In conclusion, the concern about the genetic modification of food is an issue that involves complex area of study, like health, ecology and economics.The combination of theoretical knowledge and empirical data provided clear outlines the associated risks of genetic modification of food/crops in the long run. Unlike conventional crops, GM crops are inherently unstable in expressing their genetic information and exhibit abnormal proteins which cause fatal allergic reactions and other health risks in humans and other organisms. Moreover, the genetic transfer of information from GM crops to the wild can promote the evolution of super weeds and insecticide resistant pest s, causing disturbances in delicate ecological relationships and increased use of pesticides.Furthermore, the decision to release GM foods holds important economic concerns that must be addressed when assessing the risks of GM foods. The terminator seed technology as well as increased involvement of biotech corporations in the agriculture business can bring about changes in the global economy, some of which could be ruinous for the developing nations. Works Cited Bergman, Jerry. Pesticide Resistance in Insects Bad refreshfuls for Macroevolution Theory. tie-up of Alberta. April 2004. Web.28 Nov 2010. Campbell, Neil, and Jane Reece. Biology. San Francisco Pearson, 2005. Print. Leary, Warren. Genetic Engineering of Crops Can Spread Allergies, Study Shows. newly York Times. 14 process 1996. Web. 28 Nov 2010. Lendman, Stephen. Health Hazards of Genetically Engineered Foods. Rense. 22 February 2008. Web. 28 Nov 2010. McDonagh, Sean. The Pros and Cons of GE Foods. Columban. 2003. Web. 28 Nov 2010. Mooney, Pat. Terminator Seeds Threaten an End to Farming. Third creative activity Traveler. 1998. Web. 28 Nov 2010. National Research Council.Ecologically Based Pest trouble New Solutions for a New Century. Washington DC National honorary society Press, 1996. Print. Nestle, Marion. One Company. Lots of Patented Seeds. Most of Your Food. The Daily Green. 12 March 2010. Web. 28 Nov 2010. Pandey, A. Genetically modified food Its uses, future prospects and safety assessments. attainment Alert. 21 October 2010. Web. 28 Nov 2010. Pusztai, Arpad. Genetically Modified Foods Are They a guess to Human/Animal Health?. ActionBioscience. June 2001. Web. 28 Nov 2010. Randerson, James.Genetically-modified Superweeds not uncommon . New Scientist. 5 February 2002. Web. 28 Nov 2010. Sustainable Agriculture Network. Clarification on the barricade of Genetically Modified Crops. Sustainable Agriculture Network. July 2008. Web. 28 Nov 2010. Weaver, Sean. Risks associated with genetic m odification An annotated bibliography of peer reviewed natural science publications. Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Ethics 18. 2 (2005)157-189. Print. Whitman, Deborah. Genetically Modified Foods Harmful or Helpful?. ProQuest. April 2000. Web. 28 Nov 2010.